The affinities between lichenic mycobiota of Chile and Antarctica (53oW and 90oW) are described. 36 % of lichen species found in Antarctica have been registered in Chile between lat. 18oS and 55oS, including a number of taxa considered endemic to Antarctica. The highest number of species was registered in montane and steppe habitats, especially in Aisén and Magallanes Regions, Navarino Island included. Caloplaca athallina, Peltigera didactyla, Physconia muscigena, Physcia caesia, Pleopsidium chlorophanum, Rhizocarpon geographicum, Rhizoplaca melanophthalma and Tephromela atra were found in the Puna Zone, Tarapacá Region, at altitudes between 3300 m and 4700 m a.s.l. 9 % of the Chilean lichens are registered in Antarctica. Bipolar elements are dominant, followed by southernmost South America, cosmopolitan and austral elements. Secondary metabolites probably play an important role in species adaptation to different climates in which they live and persist