The crustose lichen family Fuscideaceae (Teloschistales) is characterized mainly by its distinctive Teloschistes-type asci. The species are defined by the morphology of their apothecia, the nature of their ascospores with respect to shape, size, number per ascus, septation and pigmentation, and by thallus chemistry. In Tasmania, the Fuscideaceae comprises eight taxa: Fuse idea australis Kantvilas sp. nov., also found in south-eastern Australia, F. australis var. montana Kantvilas var. nov., F. ramboldioides Kantvilas sp. nov. and F. subasbolodes Kantvilas sp. nov., all endemic to Tasmania, the widespread cool- temperate species, F. lightfootii (Sm.) Coppins & P. James and Ropalospora lugubris (Sommerf.) Poelt, reported here for the first time from Australia, the widespread Maronea constans (Nyl.) Hepp, and the Subantarctic F. asbolodes (Nyl.) Hertel & V. Wirth. A key to the species and notes on their variability, relationships, distribution and ecology are provided