The lichen genus Caprettia Bat. & H. Maia is reassessed, and its extraordinary mean of expelling its conidia in mucilagineous sacci through long cilia-like pycnidia is described. Such features are otherwise only known in Anisomeridium polypori (Ellis & Everh.) Barr and in another, undescribed species of the same genus. Caprettia is included in the Monoblastiaceae, and the relationships with several species currently placed in dium remain to be clarified. The genus Porinula Vězda is reduced into synonymy. Including two new species described herein and two transferred from Porinula, the genus Caprettia now comprises five species: C. amazonensis Bat. & H. Maia (type species), C. neotropica Lücking & Sérus. sp. nova, C. nyssaegenoides Sérus. & Lücking sp. nova, C. setifera (Malcolm & Vezda) R. Sant., Lücking & Sérus. comb, nova, and C. tanzanica (Vězda) Lücking & Sérus. comb. nova. Based on thallus structure, presence/absence of ascomata, and anatomical details of the pycnidia, the genus is divided into subgenus Caprettia (including only the generic type) and subgenus Porinula (Vězda) Lücking & Sérus. comb, et stat, nova, typified by Caprettia tanzanica and including the remaining four species. The genus occurs in tropical and southern temperate rainforests, all species, except the pantropical C. amazonensis being restricted to a distinctive area