Lempholemma socotranum sp. nova is described in the cyanobacterial lichen family Lichinaceae. It is characterized by an umbilicate-squamulose thallus with flat to convex, irregularly incised, lobate margins. The new species is currently only known from dry, inclined limestone boulders on the Yemeni island of Socotra off the coast of Somalia in the western Indian Ocean