The genus Gyalecta Ach. is currently represented by eight species in the Iberian Peninsula. Anatomical information, ecological and geographical data are provided for the taxa, and a key to the species is also included. A group of specimens labelled G. truncigena (Ach.) Hepp have been treated here as a distinct taxon in view of their different ascospore morphology, but at present we have refrained from describing them as a separate species. Key words: Gyalecta, Spain, Portugal, lichens, taxonomy.