Records of 36 rare species of lichenicolous fungi are presented, most of them new to Austria. Abrothallus bryoriarum Haf. (host of type: Bryoria spec), Clypeococcum Cetrariae Haf. (host of type: Cetraria islándica), Endococcus verrucosus Haf. (host of type: Aspicilia caesiocinerea), Minutoexcipula tuerkii Haf. (host of type: Pertusaria glomerata), Opegrapha rotunda Haf. (host of type: Physconia distorta), and Phoma denigrans Haf. (host of type: Lecanora epibryon) are described as new. The new combinations Opegrapha geographicola (Arnold) Haf, Opegrapha pertusariae (Vouaux) Haf, Opegrapha zwackhii (Massai, ex Zwackh) Källsten and Stigmidium arthoniae (Arnold) Haf. are proposed. A key for lichenicolous species of Opegrapha occurring in Europe is presented. Minutoexcipula tuckerae Atienza & D. Hawksw. is reported for Australia for the first time as is Protothelenella santessonii Mayrh. for Europe. Lichenicolous fungi, Abrothallus, Clypeococcum,Endococcus, Minutoexcipula, Opegrapha, Phoma, Stigmidium; key to parasitic Opegrapha species in Europe; flora of Austria.