Twenty-nine species of Ramalina are rerorded from the Canary Islands. Their anatomy, chemistry, ecology, and distribution are discussed and a key to them is provided. Ramalina cupularis Krog & P.James, R. deminuta Krog & Østh., R. ramulosa Krog & Østh., and R. hierensis Krog & Østh. are described as new. Alectoria glauca Steiner ex Bystrek is reduced to synonymy with Ramalina chondrina Steiner, Ramalina aulota Stirton with R. subgeniculata Nyl. Ramalina clementeana Llim. & R.G. Werner with R. pusilla Le Prév. ex Duby. Ramalina subdecipiens Steiner and R. subwebbiana (Nyl.) Hue with R. decipiens Mont., Ramalina superfraxinea Follm. & Sánchez-Pinto with R. huei Harm., and Ramalina pollinaria var. phycodes Mont. and R. bourgaeana f. sublaevigata Nyl. with R. crispatula Despr. ex Nyl. Ramalina rosacea (Schaer. ex Mass.) Hepp is considered distinct from R. hourgaeana Mont. ex Nyl. Ramalina implectens Nyl. is regarded as the parent morph of R. farinacea (L.) Ach. The genus Fistulariella Bowler & Rundel is rejected and the genus Niebla Rundel & Bowler is regarded as needing further elucidation.